Mingguan Koleksi Imnogman v.2003

Kazaa - Life After Napster
New File Swapping Technology
6 Januari 2003

Hazelin Helmi - ???

Pertama(Prakata): Hampir seminggu di tahun baru telah berlalu. Entahlah. Cepat sangat masa berlalu. Ingatkan teknologi IT membantu mempercepatkan banyak perkara. Seterusnya dapat menjimatkan masa. Tetapi sebaliknya berlaku. Terlalu banyak pula perkara lain perlu dilakukan. Dan ada banyak pula perkara yang tidak perlu turut dilakukan. Misalnya macam memadam email yang tidak perlu seperti iklan (junk & spam email) atau membersihkan PC dari virus.

Nampaknya mengadakan sistem keselamatan sahaja tidak mencukupi. Kita kena lakukan lebih dari itu. Contohnya sikap ghairah untuk membuka dan meng'forward' sebarang email & attachment yang diterima harus dikawal.

Saya harap anda masih ingat tentang Napster iaitu satu sistem perkongsian fail komputer melalui internet. Kalau dah lupa, di seksyen promosi ada link kepada laman berkenaan. Pencipta/Pengendalinya kena saman. Dan akhirnya bertukar status.

Napster, semasa zaman kegemilangannya, telah menjadi sistem untuk penggunanya bertukar-tukar fail lagu-lagu MP3.

Sebagai 'ganti' (mungkin bukan perkataan yang sesuai), tiga orang jurutera yang berasal dari Estonia iaitu Jaan Tallinn, Ahti Heinla & Priit Kasesalu telah mencipta Kazaa. Sistem Kazaa telah menjadi Sistem Pertukaran Fail Secara Online yang paling popular. Sekitar 170 juta orang telah memuaturun perisian 'KaZaA Media Desktop' (versi terkini adalah 2.0) berkenaan sejak dilancarkan.

Pada masa ini pemilik Kazaa sedang berhadapan dengan tindakan undang-undang di di US. Berbeza dengan Napster, tindakan undang-undang terhadap Kazaa akan melibatkan lebih 5 negara yang mempunyai peraturan dan undang-undang yang berbeza. Ini termasuklah Netherland, Estonia, Vanuatu, Australia dan US sendiri.

Antara argument awal yang menarik mengenai kes ini adalah seperti berikut:

...the service has become "a candy store of infringement," where millions of pirated copies of songs, writings, TV shows and motion pictures are available to anyone, free...

...local distributors of the software shouldn't be responsible for piracy by its users...

...Sharman Networks (current owner of the software) lawyer argues that the Vanuatu-based company is not subject to US laws... a ruling could set a precedent that invites any country to meddle in another's online venture...

...Kazaa in perpetratring an "intricate international shell game aimed at evading the US court's jurisdiction and avoiding liability" by spreading its operations around the world...

...the involvement of of people from so many countries is happenstance, a product of how easy it is to do business across borders in the Internet age...

...The programmers said, they simply wanted to make it easier for people to swap any sort of file, not to help people trade music and movies illegally...

...Niklas Zennstrom, 36, an originator of Kazaa, said the system, at its core, turn the Internet into a "global hard drive"...

...defendants (including Grokster & Morpheus) said their role is analogous to photocopy-machine makers, who aren't responsible for people who copy entire books, or to computer makers, who aren't responsible for people who use their machines for hacking...

...If you can be held responsible for everything your endusers do with it, it becomes very hard to build any technology...

...peer-to-peer services overwhelmingly are used for illegal copying and transmission of copyright meterial over the Internet, and actively encourage, assist and participate in this activity...

...there is an ad-free version of the software created by hacker call Kazaa Lite...

How Kazaa Media Desktop Works

Kazaa Media Desktop uses peer-to-peer technology. This means that individual users connect to each other directly, without need for a central point of management.

All you need to do is install Kazaa Media Desktop peer-to-peer software and it will connect you to other Kazaa Media Desktop users. The software facilitates the searching and downloading functions as outlined in user guide.

The P2P searches occur through users with fast connections, called supernodes. Once located, the file is sourced for downloading directly from the user who has it.

That's all there is to it.

The philosophy of peer-to-peer is important to the history and future of Kazaa Media Desktop, read more here.

Supernodes

Kazaa Media Desktop (KMD) users with the fastest internet connections and the most powerful computers are automatically designated as supernodes. A supernode contains a list of some of the files available and where they are located. When you search, your KMD first searches the nearest supernode to you, and then sends you immediate results. This first supernode then refers your search to other supernodes and so on. Read more about Supernodes here.

This process is designed to make searching as fast as possible and means that your computer will never search through all the files made available by KMD users, only through the files that have been indexed by the supernodes that you are connected to.

Try Again Tomorrow

If you can't find a file you are looking for, try again tomorrow. You will most likely connect to a new supernode with a different set of files.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P)

Kazaa Media Desktop uses peer-to-peer technology. This means that individual users connect to each other directly, without need for a central point of management.

All you need to do is install Kazaa Media Desktop and it will connect you to other Kazaa Media Desktop users. The software facilitates the searching and downloading functions as outlined in our user guide.

Sometimes peer-to-peer is written as Peer to peer or P2P.

Proses memuaturun perisian akan mengambil masa lebih kurang 3 minit menggunakan modem 56kbps bergantung pada keadaan. Nak cuba ke? Saya belum lagi.

Apa yang saya nampak dalam Sistem Kazaa ini ialah penggunaan teknologi atau konsep lama yang pernah digunakan dan terkenal di Malaysia sekitar 1995-96 sebelum kemunculan WWW iaitu BBS atau Bulletin Board System . Saya ada sebut dalam Sejarah Koleksi. Roda sentiasa berputar. Jadi janganlah terlalu berbangga dengan sesuatu yang baru kerana ia tidak semestinya benar-benar baru.

Gambar di atas adalah penyanyi Hazelin Helmi. Berita pertama mengenainya saya terbaca pada tahun lepas berkaitan Malam Puisi. Tak pasti lagu mana yang dinyanyikan.

Seorang rakan telah memberi pandangan kepada saya mengenai stail penyanyi Dayang Nurfaizah. Katanya Dayang adalah penyanyi yang suka ~~pegang bontot~~ meletakkan tangan di punggung semasa menyanyi. Pada mulanya saya tak percaya. Tetapi setelah menyaksikan HMI malam semalam terbuktilah kebenaranya. Intepretasi anda mungkin berbeza dari rakan saya.

Saya masih lagi mempromosi keluaran terakhir 2002 disebabkan ia agak lewat di'publish'. Sila klik di <sini> Dan jika ada di antara anda yang terlepas membaca keluaran pertama tahun ini sila klik di <sini>.

Kedua(Pengendali): Kemaskini lirik lagu diteruskan minggu ini. Namun lebih banyak masa ditumpukan untuk menyiapkan Mingguan Koleksi ini berbanding Koleksi Lirik Lahu.

agaknya saya patut menamatkan Mingguan Koleksi ini dan memberi tumpuan kepada Koleksi Lirik Lagu Melayu sahaja.

Berikut adalah Statistik Harian Mingguan Koleksi ini yang diterima daripada TheCounter.com untuk tempoh seminggu. Mulai minggu hadapan saya akan turut memasukkan counter Nedstat sebagai perbandingan sebab laporannya adalah terkini.

Weekly Statistics For Previous Week

Mingguan Koleksi IMNOGMAN v.2, had a total of 251 visitors last week.

Visitors for last week divided per weekday:

2002-12-25: 28
2002-12-26: 36
2002-12-27: 42
2002-12-28: 28
2002-12-29: 27
2002-12-30: 31
2002-12-31: 59

Berikut ini pula adalah Statistik terkini dari Nedstatbasic.net dipaparkan di sini sebagai perbandingan.

Page views per day

1 January 2003 - 37
2 January 2003 - 65
3 January 2003 - 40
4 January 2003 - 42
5 January 2003 - 34

Ketiga(Promosi): I guess by now semua orang dah tahu apa itu flash atau sekurang-kurangnya dah pernah melawat laman web yang menggunakan flash. Baru-baru ini saya telah menemui satu laman web yang menggunakan flash sepenuhnya. Maksud saya ia mungkin menggunakan 99% flash.

Tambah menarik kerana laman web ini adalah berbentuk online comic/novel/movie/story. Saya sendiri pun tak tahu macamana nak takrifkan. Tetapi muzik dan flash presentationnya amat mengkagumkan. Cerita/Plotnya agak sukar sikit untuk saya fahami. Ceritanya telah sampai ke Chapter 22. Cuma tinggal lagi 2 chapter. Kalau anda tak sanggup nak baca/dengar/tonton secara online, anda boleh muatturun dan baca/dengar/tonton berulangkali kemudian. Satu chapter sahaja ada yang mencapai setengah jam.

Tapi awas sebab ia mengandungi unsur-unsur yang menguji minda dan kedewasaan anda. Ia dikategorikan sebagai 18+. Lawatlah jika anda sukakan teknologi grafik dan muzik digital. Sila ke Broken Saints.

Dan jika anda mengikuti perkembangan bayi klon yang pertama dalam berita semasa, inilah dia laman web organisasi/kumpulan yang membuat hebahan tersebut Raelan Revolution. Dalam berita semalam Clonaid membuat tuntutan kedua dengan menyatakan bahawa bayi klon kedua akan lahir tidak lama lagi. Namun setakat ini belum ada bukti saintifik diberikan.

Laman web lain yang berkaitan dengan keluaran minggu ini ialah Napster dan Kazaa.

Keempat(Personaliti): Artikel minggu ini saya petik dari sebuah laman web yang berfungsi sebagai Pendaftaf Domain (Domain Registry). Jika anda ingin mempunyai laman web dengan nama yang tersendiri seperti imnogman.com dan liriklagu.com, anda bolehlah memilih nama-nama kesukaan dan seterusnya memilih identiti mengikut kumpulan yang sesuai (gTLD) seperti .com, .org, .info, .net, dan sebagainya.

Anda juga boleh memilih .tv (Tuvalu) dan .cc (Cocos / Keeling island) yang merupakan 'open registry'. Tidak seperti .my (Malaysia) & .ca (Canada) yang terhad kepada penduduk/organisasi tempatan dan tertakluk kepada syarat-syarat tertentu.

Kebanyakan Pendaftar Domain turut menawarkan perkhidmatan Web Hosting. Ini akan memudahkan kita menyediakan laman web. Imnogman.com & Liriklagu.com didaftarkan di Yahoo!Domains. Walaupun menggunakan .com tetapi merupakan 'non-profit website'.

Domain Registration

A Registrar is one-stop web identity solution provider from domain registration (.com/.net/.org/.info/.biz/.NAME/.cc/.tv/.co.uk/.org.uk/.ca), Internet Keyword registration, SSL certificate to web hosting, together with certain pricing and quality.

Its also provide a domain manager and free tools and services you need to develop and manage a website.

gTLD's Domains

COM, NET & ORG Domain

The names that started it all are .com, .net and .org! The original gTLDs - .com, .net and .org - are still number one. In 2001, there were, on average, 2.5 million new registrations per quarter. These names have worldwide recognition and are still in demand.

The minimum registration term is one year. Registrations are unrestricted under .com and .net . The rules for .org will be changing.

.INFO Domain

.info - give them the name they want.

Did you know that it takes registrants an average of 33 lookups to get the .com that they want? This is not a problem with .info. Give your customers the domain they want now!

.BIZ Domain

.biz - nothing personal, just business.

.biz is a restricted gTLD approved by ICANN. Since domain names registered under .biz must be used for business purposes, the registry predicts the renewal rates for these names will be higher than the rate for .com and other unrestricted TLDs.

.NAME Domain

.name - it's for life.

.name is the only gTLD authorized by ICANN exclusively for private individuals. The .name registry is now accepting Landrush registrations in the form of batch submissions that are processed weekly. Starting in May, 2002, the registry will begin accepting real-time registrations.

ccTLD's Domains

.CC Domain

.cc is the ccTLD for Cocos (Keeling Islands), and is also accepted to represent "Chinese Corporation," "Country Club," and others. In fact, .cc has become one of the most popular ccTLDs with over 400,000 domains registered in the first year alone. With most domain names still available, .cc should remain popular over the next several years.

Since there are no restrictions on registrants, anyone can register a domain name with a .cc.

.TV Domain

.tv set a record for the fastest growing ccTLD in October 2000 by registering over 100,000 names in less than six months. .tv is the TLD for the country of Tuvalu and is an open registry.

Anyone can register a domain name under .tv. Most .tv domain names are available for a retail price of $45 per domain year. Domain names can be registered for any term between one and 10 years. Some .tv domain names are considered high profile and are priced separately by the registry.

.CO.UK & ORG.UK Domain

.uk is one of the largest ccTLDs in Europe with more than three million names under management. There are approximately 60,000 registrations per month under .uk.

Domain name registrations are made at the third level.

.CA Domain

A .ca domain name strongly links organizations and individuals with Canada. According to a study commissioned by the Canadian Internet Registration Authority, 70 percent of Canadians prefer to shop at .ca websites because they know .ca is Canadian. More than 300,000 names have been registered under .ca, since the registry went live in December 2000.

The minimum registration term is one year. Registrants must meet Canadian presence requirements.

Untuk mendapatkan maklumat mengenai .my, sila ke Jaring.my.

Kelima(Penutup): Hujung minggu lepas banyak pulak kenduri di sekitar kediaman saya. Apalagi makan free lah.

Jumpa lagi...